一、图形种类及概述法：
数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart 表格图：table直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram
流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diagram
圆柱图：column chart
描述：show/describe/illustrate/apparent/reveal/represent/demonstrate/indicate/depict
以下是一些较常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,
figures/statistics shows ...
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures ...
二、data的具体表达法
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up / grow/ jump/ ascend
减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall/decline/reduce/ descend
波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...
稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ...
最常用的两种表达法：
1. Verb+Adverb form
The number of XXX
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...
+from to / between and
2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation
+in the number of XXX from to / between and
描述稳定的data：
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from to / between and
The number of XXX stayed the same from to / between and
There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from to / between and
描述不同状态的data
Noun form:
steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop
Verbal form:
bottom out / reach the bottom / increase gradually / reach a plateau / remain steady
描述the highest point以及the lowest point
高点极值：
The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...
+peaked in <准确时间点用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX
或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX
低点极值：
XXX bottomed out / reached
+rock / the bottom / a low point
或者hit a trough
此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：
并列： as well as, also, as well, either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ...
举例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially
事实： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ...
雷同/近似：similarly, likewise, at the same time, equally ...
转折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead , in spite of, despite of ...
原因与结果
1. cause-suggestion
since / now that ...; I hope that...
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + sth, I hope that...
2. cause-effect
XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...
, therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / so ...
3. effect-cause
XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...
, because ...
it is adj. that ...
it is unimaginable that ...
it is undeniable that ...
it is interesting to discover that ...
更多信息请查看留学英语写作