雅思口语高分秘籍:影响考官,少犯错
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第一部分

口试第一部分通常被认为是整个考试的导入部分。考官在这一部分中会询问一些和考生本身有关的问题,通过较为简单的提问来达到让考生放松情绪的目的,以便在整个考试过程中能够正常发挥他们的语言水平。问题数量大约为4-8个,涉及3-6方面的话题。08年的主要涉及话题有:工作,学习,家庭,购物,城市交通,家乡,日常活动,兴趣爱好,住房,个人计划等。尽管话题简单,但如果我们以通常和朋友随意交谈的平实的内容作为答案,从考试角度来衡量可能不是最佳答案。值得考生注意的是考官和提问内容是有其特殊目的性的,他们要通过短短的十几分钟来评估考生的语言能力,所以为考官提供足够的语言供他们判断尤为重要。也就是,我们在第一部分要提供够“雅思”的答案来给考官留下一个深刻的好印象,因为两个问题之后考官凭经验已经在心中给你打了个分,接下来的问题都只是在证明这个分数。

给考生的建议是每个问题提供三至五句切题的答案。那我们该怎样来准备这一部分呢,好答案的标准又是什么呢?首先,在准备期间,请考生收集一下近几个月Part1高频的考题,或者在老师的带领下,逐一进行演练,会发现题目几乎就集中在几个方面,万变不离其宗。接下来就是对高频考题进行构思准备了,请口语能力一般的考生务必准备,不可忽略。只有提前准备才能在考试中少犯错。我们通过下面的例子进行说明怎样构思好答案。

Question: Do you take any sports?

Answer one: Yes. I like to play badminton.

Answer two: Of course. I often play badminton. Many people here like to play this good sport. It is quite popular in China. China has some good badminton players. Lin Dan is one of my favorite players.

Answer three: Yes. I often take an active part in many kinds of sports games, such as swimming, playing basketball and badminton, among which, playing badminton is always my greatest passion. I often invite some of my energetic friends to play badminton after class in the school grounds or in Suzhou Park. Taking sports regularly can strengthen our bodies and avoid diseases, and prepare us well for the study afterwards.

很明显,Answer one 如果是纯粹的生活对话是可以接受的,但是就考试来讲答案太不充分。Answer two 基本回答了提问,也给出了相关的信息。但仔细一看,发现所有的句子都是简单句,而且部分信息与所问问题不相及,整个答案显得松散无章。Answer three 是一个值得肯定的答案。回答了问题且信息充分,语言也很连贯流畅。不难看出,好的答案包含了不止一方面的信息:What, Who, When, Where, Why, How。这六个方面通常是我们构思一个好答案的切入口,从这些方面进行Brainstorming(头脑风暴)肯定不会无话可讲,适当扩充了答案,而且加入了亲身经历会使答案与众不同吸引考官,答案一定不能千篇一律,准备的时候要注意个性化!最后语言方面要避免书面化,使用过于复杂句式和生僻词汇只会暴露你提前准备过,官方严格规定背诵答案不满6分。一个简洁明了的答案绝对比一个复杂难懂的答案好。但要指出的是,简单的答案并不等于短答案,答案太短会使整个面试有太多的停顿,而考官也要大伤脑筋多想问题,你面临的问题也就会更多。自然的语言和神态,口语小词的穿插,充分的答案才能使你表现优秀!

第二部分

当考试进行到第二部分,即考生详细描述或谈论指定话题,考生将拿到一张cue card(话题卡),要求就卡片上的话题展开一至两分钟的描述,并将有一分钟的准备时间,可以记笔记。卡片问题一般由一个标题加上三个细节问题构成。

卡片问题主要为对某个具体事物进行描述,08年高频话题有:

08年最In口语话题排行榜第一名当属地点题,这一类考题不仅数量庞大,极为频繁,而且正趋向多样化。除了传统考题,如:garden,meseum,city,park,a studying or working place,a hotel以外,又出现一些较为“另类”的题目:a place that has good water resource, a place that makes you happy, a place that has been polluted, a swimming pool, etc.

人物题,该大类也呈现出多元化和越来越细化的特征,原来可能只需要你谈an old person,现在却要求描述an interesting old person.原来只是描述a family member,现在可能要解释how a family member influences you, a helpful person, a teenager,种种情况不一而足。

物品题(a lost item/a movie/ a TV program/ a magazine, etc)

事件题(a late experience/ an unforgettable event/ a great change in life/ a success, etc.)

在卡片的结尾,考生一般要对自己描述的内容说明感受和观点。如:

Explain why you like…

Explain why you want to…

Explain how you feel when you…

口语第二部分考试的形式和内容与中国考生所熟悉的传统口语考试的对话内容区别很大。大部分学生由于平时缺乏针对性的描述训练,拿到这样的话题往往无所适从,或只言片语便无法继续下去。我们常说考雅思不能打无准备之战,而考生准备的关键就是要了解怎样利用给我们的信息来扩充答案,并运用笔记关键词的方法来提醒自己回答内容。

在一分钟的时间里,我们无法去组织句子,给考生的建议是,首先确定通篇的总体时态,这往往是考生忽略却最常犯的低级错误——时态混乱,然后再考虑话题的套用(在真实考试当中只需把提前准备的内容适当变化即可套用不同的topics,只有提前准备才能少犯错),最后,构思文章的框架,使论述显得有逻辑,同时适当记录关键词。我以下面的卡片为例:

Describe a Gift

Describe a special gift you have received which makes you feel special.You should say:

What the gift is

Who gave it to you

Why the person gave it to you

And explain why the gift means so much to you.

在一分钟的准备时间里,我首先确定总体时态应该为一般过去时,然后脑中搜索已事先准备的关于一件物品的topic,进行联想套用,接下来的任务就是布置文章的框架和记录关键词,我们可以将所讲的内容分为三个部分:

*介绍句(开头句---Introducing Sentence)

*主题内容(细节内容---Main Body)

*解释说明(总结--- Conclusion)

The gift I am going to talk about is very special to me. It is a doll I used to play with for quite a long time. (Introduction)

My parents gave it to me when I was five as a birthday present. I considerd it as special because it was a very high-tech doll at that time and I was very proud of it. It would cry if I hit it or accidentally dropped it. However,when I put a kind of dummy into its mouth, it would immediately stopped crying. Next time I let go of the dummy it would laugh happily. Sometimes it could make some noises like a real baby. It brought a lot of fun into my childhood. At that time, not many kids had this kind of dolls and I liked to show it to my friends in the kindergarten. It made me a star among the children. Of course sometimes we would play with the doll together. It was the first gift that my parents bought me and it meant a lot to me. Although it could not cry or langh any more, I still keep it. (Main body)

Every time I see it, I remember the happy time playing with it and the smile on my parents’faces. It recalls a lot of old and sweet memories, and I think this gift is really special to me and to my family. (Conclusion)

由于篇幅有限,对于第二部分的问题解决方法这里只能稍作分析。当然,要想达到好的效果,不仅需要掌握适当的方法,同时也需要通过大量的联系进行巩固,并结合不同的话题,做好充分的准备工作。

第三部分

第一部分和第二部分通常要求考生说明一些事实,谈论他们的生活以及他们所熟悉的范围,但第三部分要求考生就一些自己并不熟悉或从来没有思考过的话题进行讨论。第三部分在学术上表述为Two-way Discussion,然而实际上主要由考生回答考官的提问,所谓的two-way体现得并不明显。虽然理论上该部分的问题由第二部分的描述内容派生而来,但这些问题灵活性大且有深度,例如:Part2要求描述一位影响你一生的老师,那Part3中就会延伸到你对教育的看法。有的考生会感觉头脑一片空白,无话可说,对于尚未习惯用第二语言来表达自己想法或者缺乏这种能力的年龄较小的考生来说,要完成这一任务有一定困难。同时,在该部分,考官所考察的语言技能也有所不同。考生不仅需要有观点和想法,能够运用生活中的实例来支持这些观点和想法,更为重要的是,还必须有效、快速地用恰当的语言将他们组织起来,让自己的想法被考官所理解。通过下面的例子,来给大家做个具体的分析。

拿到一个问题,我们的首要工作,就是产生观点。

Sample Part Three Question

Do you think that education has changed much in your country over the past 20 years? 对于很多年龄较小的考生来说,这个问题很有挑战性——他们从来没有20年前受教育的经历,又如何来进行比较呢?然而,如果考生不拘泥于自身的观点和经历,而更多地考虑周围的真实世界(如第一和第二部分那样),问题就变得简单了。如果能够运用自己身边人的经验,比如家人,他们将发现家人的经验会为他们提供很多回答这一问题的素材。还有一点要说明的是,问题的回答并非一定是非常肯定和确切的,考生完全可以运用假设和讨论的语气,增加和考官的讨论和互动性。

如下表格:

Student

Parents

went to university

went to high school, finished middle school

new buildings

old buildings

computers

a radio

Some foreign teachers

only Chinese teachers

Colorful textbooks

black and white text books

boring books, boring teachers

boring books, boring teachers

lots of tests

lots of tests

现在,我们就有了足够的观点来回答这个问题了。

口语在某种程度上其实和写作有着相似之处:我们需要组织我们的语言,即展开话题,说明观点,并且运用事实来支持和证明这些观点。当考官问完问题后,考生所要做的是表明自己已经听懂了这一问题,并正准备进行回答,即展开话题:

Yes, I think education has changed a lot in China. / No, I don’t think education has changed much at all. / Well, it’s a tough question. I haven’t thought much about that before but I guess it has changed somewhat.

接下来,我们需要进入回答的主体部分,即表达观点并说明原因:

One reason why I think education has changed is that today there are university towns around the main cities with lots of universities in them. For example, I went to a university in Nanjing and there were lots of other universities in our area.

Another difference is that in the past there were no foreign teachers or university programs in China. Now there are a lot. My university has several MBA joint venture programs and lots of foreign teachers teaching languages, history and culture.

On the other hand, some things have not changed: textbooks are still very boring and the teaching style of many teachers is still quite uninteresting.

最后,我们用一句话来收尾:

So that’s why I think education has changed in China.

开头——主体——结尾,这三部分组成了整个问题较为完整的回答。在回答的过程中,一些关联词的使用非常重要,可以显出逻辑和条理性,考生们应该引起足够重视。

以上的分析希望能够给广大“烤鸭”一些启发和帮助。

更多信息请查看考试口语

更多信息请查看考试口语
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